Published in Immunol Lett. Jun 4, 2009; 124(2): 102-10.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (OPC) as a known antioxidant was investigated for therapeutic effect on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis.

The OPC grape seed extract in 3 different doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body wt was administered i.p. into mice. A control group was only treated with saline. The effect of OPC grape seed extract was evaluated using 3 different ways based on clinical, histological, and biochemical parameters.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used for the inflamed joints and bone-marrow cells cultured with the receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), for evaluation of the effect of OPC grape seed extract on osteoclastogenesis in the 3 different doses.

The CIA was found significantly attenuated by the OPC grape seed extract in a dose-dependent fashion. The 3 histology scores for synovial inflammation, cartilage erosion, bone erosion, and the number of TRAP+ osteoclasts were significantly reduced by the OPC treatment. The grape seed extract OPC also significantly reduced the numbers of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- or interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing cells in the synovial tissue and the spontaneous production of TNF-alpha and IL-17 by splenocytes, as compared with the control group without the treatment of the OPC grape seed extract.

Furthermore, the OPC grape seed extract lowered the serum levels of type-II-collagen-specific IgG2a and plasma levels of 8-isoprostane in the 3 groups of rats, compared with the control group. The OPC grape seed extract dose-dependently inhibited osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Hydrogen peroxide production by anti-CD3-monoclonal-antibody-stimulated CD4+ splenocytes was reduced by the OPC grape seed extract treatment. Therefore, the intraperitoneal injection of the OPC grape seed extract caused the significant attenuation of CIA in mice.

This study demonstrated that the OPC grape seed extract has the bio-activities for health benefits as an effective dietary supplement for patients of rheumatoid arthritis.


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Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (OPC) attenuates collagen-induced arthritis.