Published in Diabet Med. May 2009; 26(5): 526-31
An OPC grape seed extract was evaluated as a potential moderator of novel markers of vascular risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes and its complications. The OPC grape seed extract was expected to offer supplemental benefits as an antioxidant, as indicated by the improved bio-markers in high-risk cardiovascular patients with Type 2 diabetes.
In this article, OPC grape seed extract was studied using 32 patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were taking prescribed diet or oral glucose-lowering agents. They received OPC grape seed extract (600 mg/day) or placebo for 4 weeks in a double-blinded randomized crossover trial. The oxidative stress was measured based on 3 parameters: total antioxidant status (TAOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Photoplethysmography was used as a measure of endothelial function. Inflammation was measured by highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), urinary albumin : creatinine ratio. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Metabolism was measured by fructosamine, lipid profile). All these markers were measured at baseline and after intervention with OPC grape seed extract or placebo.
The OPC grape seed extract caused significant changes of 3 biomarkers: 1, fructosamine (282 +/- 40.9 vs. 273 +/- 50.2 mmol/l; P = 0.0004); 2, whole blood GSH (2359 +/- 823 vs. 3595 +/- 1051 mmol/l; P < 0.01); and 3, hsCRP (3.2 +/- 3.65 vs. 2.0 +/- 2.2 mg/l; P = 0.0006). The OPC grape seed extract also lowered the total cholesterol concentration (4.5 +/- 0.96 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.99 mmol/l; P = 0.05).
The OPC grape seed extract was, therefore, demonstrated to exert the significant effects on biomarkers of inflammation and glycaemia, and to alleviate oxidative stress in obese Type 2 diabetic patients of high cardiovascular risks. The OPC grape seed extract may have nutritional benefits as dietary supplement for people of cardiovascular risks.
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